Who Trusts? The Origins of Social Trust in Seven Nations
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چکیده
This paper identifies six main theories of the determinants of social trust, and tests them against survey data from seven nations, 1999-2001. Three of the six theories of trust fare rather poorly and three do better. First and foremost, social trust tends to be high among citizens who believe that there are few severe social conflicts and where the sense of public safety is high. Second, informal social networks are associated with trust. And third, those who are successful in life trust more, or are more inclined by their personal experience to do so. Individual theories seem to work best in societies with higher levels of trust, and societal ones in societies with lower levels of trust. This may have something to do with the fact that our two low trust societies happen to have experienced revolutionary change in the very recent past, so that societal events have overwhelmed individual circumstances. Woher kommt Vertrauen in die Mitmenschen? In diesem Arbeitspapier werden Umfragedaten aus sieben Ländern verwendet, um die Stichhaltigkeit verschiedener Theorien über die Bedingungen für soziales Vertrauen auf der Individualebene zu überprüfen. Nur drei der sechs Theorien erweisen sich als erklärungskräftig. Erstens zeigen jene Bürger großes Vertrauen, die die Gesellschaft als wenig konfliktbelastet und als sicher wahrnehmen. Zweitens gehen gute informelle Sozialkontakte mit Vertrauen Hand in Hand. Und drittens sind die im Leben Erfolgreichen vertrauensvoller als die Verlierer. Die Ergebnisse zeigen darüber hinaus, daß individuenbezogene Theorien offenbar in „high-trust“Gesellschaften besser funktionieren, während gesellschaftsbezogene Theorien in „lowtrust“-Gesellschaften erklärungskräftiger sind. Ein Grund dafür könnte sein, daß die beiden im Sample vertretenen Gesellschaften mit niedrigen Vertrauenswerten postsozialistische Länder sind, so daß die mit dem Zusammenbruch des Staatssozialismus und der Transformation zu Demokratie und Marktwirtschaft verbundenen sozialen Umbrüche individuelle Einflüsse in den Schatten stellen.
منابع مشابه
WHO TRUSTS? The origins of social trust in seven societies
There is a general consensus among contemporary social scientists that social trust is important, as the small flood of recent publications on the topic shows. 1 The interest in trust covers, unusually in the increasingly ABSTRACT: This article identifies six main theories of the determinants of social trust, and tests them against survey data from seven societies, 1999– 2001. Three of the six ...
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تاریخ انتشار 2002